Who is responsible for the traffic accident on the way to work? Similar problems still plague many "riders". Recently, Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd. lost a lawsuit in a motor vehicle traffic accident liability dispute trial, which caused more than 20,000 yuan to the plaintiff in traffic accident compensation, and was also recognized as "having a labor relationship with the courier". However, in the cooperation agreement signed between the courier and the company, Tongcheng Bing Company still defines the business model of "platform+individual" as "business cooperation relationship", which is not adjusted by labor laws and regulations. To this end, many couriers have questioned whether such a cooperation agreement is reasonable and legal.

　

　　◎ Text/Figure Shandong Business Daily Su Bao News Network reporter Sun Wei Li Yuxin

　

　

A courier on the streets of Jinan

　

　　After the flash was awarded more than 20 thousand yuan, the plaintiff dropped the lawsuit

　

　　A few days ago, a civil judgment issued by the Dongcheng District People’s Court in Beijing showed that on March 25, 2021, a traffic accident occurred between the citizen He Mou and the flash driver Li Mou, causing the plaintiff He Mou to be injured and the contact part of the vehicle damaged. The traffic management department determined that Li, the flasher, was fully responsible for the accident, and He sued Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd., the company to which the flasher belongs, for compensation.

　　In this regard, the same city Bing Company argued that there was no employment relationship with the flasher Li. However, after the court heard the case, it was determined that the company had an employment relationship with the courier Li, and the same city Bing was sentenced to pay He 20,770 yuan.

　　However, Bing Company in the same city appealed the verdict again last month. According to the judgment document of the second instance published on March 8, after the appeal of the same city Bing Company, the plaintiff He Mou applied to the court to withdraw the prosecution. As for the reasons for withdrawing the lawsuit, the reporter sent a letter to consult the Flash Brand Department, but as of press time, he did not receive a reply.

　

　　Flash delivery has been listed as the person subjected to execution for many times due to accident disputes.

　

　　The reporter found out that this kind of traffic accident liability dispute has become the main legal risk of Bing Company in the same city. Sky Eye Survey shows that the top three cases in the company are motor vehicle traffic accident liability disputes (95 cases), labor disputes (37 cases), and disputes over life, health and body rights (31 cases). In the first three months of this year alone, there were 19 court announcements or civil judgments issued by Tongcheng Bing Company.

　　It is noteworthy that Tongcheng Bing was listed as the executor by the local court several times. Eye-catching investigation shows that Beijing Tongcheng Bing Technology Co., Ltd. was enforced by the court seven times for failing to fulfill its legal obligations on time, at least four of which involved traffic accident liability disputes of flashers.

　　In August last year, the flasher Jiao Mou collided with the plaintiff, and the same city Bing Company proposed to recognize Jiao Mou’s accident in the process of sending "flashover" and agreed to bear the losses within a reasonable range of the plaintiff. The Chaoyang District People’s Court of Beijing ruled that Jiao and Bing Company in the same city jointly bear more than 5,000 yuan in compensation. However, on December 13, 2021, Tongcheng Bing Company and Jiao Mou failed to fulfill their legal obligations and were listed as executors with an execution target of 5,304 yuan.

　

　　Regarding the determination of the labor relationship of the "flash worker", Flash once replied to our reporter in September 2020 that the legal relationship between the flash worker and the platform is still inconclusive at the legal level, and the current effective judgments all determine that there is no labor relationship. However, after a year and a half, now looking at the trend of court decisions, it seems that the company can no longer easily "throw the pot".

　

　　Cooperation agreement can not avoid the identification of labor relations.

　

　　The reporter learned from the mouth of the courier that the basis for the "throwing pot" of the courier comes from the "Cooperation Agreement" signed between the courier and the platform. The agreement stipulates that the platform and the courier establish a business cooperation relationship, and there is no labor relationship between the employer and the laborer, which is not adjusted by labor laws and regulations.　　　

　　In this regard, many flashers openly questioned on the platforms such as Post Bar and Zhihu, emphasizing that the company needs to purchase specified equipment for single quantity assessment, which obviously goes beyond the so-called "cooperative relationship".

　　Is such a "cooperation agreement" reasonable and legal? Ma Sicheng, a lawyer of Shanghai Duanhe Duan (Jinan) Law Firm, said: The cooperation agreement does not conform to the provisions of the labor law. Now the legal judgment on such issues is in a transitional period and cannot be treated with a fixed eye. However, common problems such as injuries caused by riders, whether it is labor relations or labour relation, should be borne by the platform. At present, the people’s courts judge similar cases by using the legal provisions that laborers cause damage to people and providers cause damage to third parties.

　　At the National People’s Congress in 2022, Pi Jianlong, member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and director of Beijing Jintai Law Firm, pointed out in the proposal that the development of flexible employment and platform employment deformed the original "standard labor relations" and led to the establishment of multiple labor relations. In July, 2021, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other eight departments jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Safeguarding the Labor Security Rights and Interests of Workers in New Employment Forms, but Pi Jianlong pointed out that the Guiding Opinions are policy norms and are not legally mandatory. It is necessary to further determine the protection of the rights and interests of workers in new formats in law and give them "strong protection" in the labor law.

　　Man made glass more than 5000 years ago. Archaeological evidence shows that in Egypt and Mesopotamia in 3000 BC, people have made some small handicrafts such as amulets and beads with glass.

　　By around 1500 BC, people’s skills in making glass were becoming more and more mature, and the first glass container appeared in human history. The ancient Egyptians also mastered the technology of coloring glass. They know that adding copper powder to glass can make red glass, adding cobalt powder can make blue glass, and adding tin powder can make white glass … These colored glasses are used by some unscrupulous businessmen to pretend to be jewelry, deceiving many people.

　　In the 1st century BC, Syrians invented the technology of blowing glass. With this technology, making glass becomes simple, fast and cheap. Since then, the glass industry has flourished in the Roman Empire and quickly spread to other countries under the rule of the Roman Empire.

　　Around the 1st century A.D., the Romans discovered that adding a proper amount of manganese dioxide to glass could make colorless glass, so they began to make windows out of glass and install them on buildings. Although the optical performance of glass at that time was very poor, glass windows were still "standard" for buildings in Rome, Pompeii and other places.

　　In the 8th century, Venice concentrated a large number of glass workers and became the glass manufacturing center at that time. Later, with the progress of science and art, people "played" more tricks, such as dyeing paint on glass and drawing colorful patterns. Many churches we see now have stained glass windows, which is the architectural style left over at that time.

　　In the mid-15th century, a glass worker in Venice invented a new type of super transparent glass. Soon, this new type of glass was used to make telescopes, thermometers, flasks, microscopes and other scientific instruments, which led to many important scientific discoveries.

　　Around the 18th century, the glass manufacturing center in Europe moved from Venice to Britain. At that time, the output of British glass factories was very high. At one time, the British government would levy taxes based on the number of windows in each house, on the grounds that wealthy families would install more windows, and of course they should pay more taxes. However, "there are policies above and countermeasures below", and many families simply blocked the windows in order to avoid paying taxes-this story shows that the use of glass was quite common in Britain at that time.

　　Since the industrial revolution, steel and glass have become important building materials for modern architecture. In 1851, Britain built a "Crystal Palace", which only used steel and glass. This miraculous building was also the exhibition hall of the first World Expo in London. In 1950s, a German architect innovatively covered the facade of the building with a layer of glass, which made the appearance of the building look unprecedented. This innovative design can be successful, on the one hand, because there is a reinforced frame inside the modern building, and the facade does not need to bear the weight of the whole building; On the other hand, because the strength of glass has become higher. So many skyscrapers we see now have glass facades.

　　Nowadays, scientists and engineers have developed a variety of glasses, which have important uses in many fields. For example, there is a kind of glass that can quickly transmit network information, that is, optical cable, which is filled with thousands of glasses as thin as hair, in which communication signals shuttle in the form of light and quickly transmit information to all parts of the world.

　　Sand and glass

　　The main component of glass is silica, that is, Shi Ying, which is one of the most common minerals on the earth. The sand that can be seen everywhere is actually a small particle in Shi Ying. When Shi Ying is heated to 1400℃, it will melt, then become soft and become a transparent, viscous liquid-then it will be cooled and shaped, and then the glass will be finished.

　　How did sand become glass?

　　On the atomic scale, silicon dioxide is composed of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, and they are arranged in order in Shi Ying. For example, a group of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms are neatly arranged to form a "queue" with specific arrangement rules, and the whole "queue" is Shi Ying particles. A structure like this, which consists of a large number of microscopic substance units (such as atoms and ions) arranged in an orderly manner according to certain rules, is called a crystal.

　　After Shi Ying melted, its internal crystal structure was destroyed, or the original "queue" was disrupted, and silicon atoms and oxygen atoms began to "run" freely, making Shi Ying change from solid to liquid. Of course, if the liquid Shi Ying can be cooled quickly, the crystal structure will be re-formed, just like the silicon atoms and oxygen atoms that "run" at will "stand" in the original position in the queue again.

　　However, if the cooling speed is too fast, so that silicon atoms and oxygen atoms can’t return to their original positions, then they can only be condensed in their current positions. Therefore, the final glass is like a snapshot of liquid Shi Ying. Scientists have a special name for this state of solid, called "amorphous solid", which means that this kind of solid is different from crystal, and there is no orderly arrangement rule in its internal structure.

　　Why is glass transparent?

　　We can’t go straight through the glass, but our eyes can see the objects on the other side through the glass. Why?

　　We can see an object because the light is reflected or scattered after it reaches this object, which makes some light enter our eyes and let us see the shape and color of the object. Only a part of light energy is received by our eyes, and the rest is absorbed or intercepted by objects.

　　How much light an object can intercept depends on the kind of molecules or atoms that make it up.

　　Most of the atoms in the glass don’t intercept light, and almost all the light that reaches the glass can be received by the eyes (glass can intercept ultraviolet light, but our eyes can’t see ultraviolet light). In addition, glass is not crystal, and there is no edge edge edge of crystal structure inside, so it will not scatter light. So, when the light reaches the glass, it will go straight through without changing its direction.

　　However, if a piece of glass is slightly thicker in some places, the propagation path of light will be bent, which is the working principle of a prism.

This article is from Science Illustrated.

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　　Xinhua News Agency, Washington, January 20th　(International observation) Biden’s "political achievements" in power for one year are hard to be recognized by the people.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Deng Xianlai

　　US President Biden celebrated the first anniversary of his administration on the 20th. Over the past year, the Biden administration’s achievements in preventing and controlling the epidemic, reviving the economy, easing social contradictions and diplomatic fields have been lackluster. The series of problems he promised to solve have not only improved little, but even got worse.

　　On January 19th, US President Biden held a press conference at the White House in Washington (video screenshot). (Xinhua News Agency)

　　Policy obstruction

　　When Biden came to power, he made scientific prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic and returning to normal life as soon as possible as a policy priority. He invited Anthony Fauci, an infectious disease expert, to be the president’s chief medical adviser, and prompted Congress to pass a $1.9 trillion economic aid plan to rapidly promote vaccination. These measures were recognized by many voters. However, since then, in order to curb the epidemic rebound caused by COVID-19 mutant strains such as Delta and Omicron, the White House issued a compulsory vaccine order for employees of large private enterprises, which was strongly resisted by the Republican ruling state and some business groups. The US Supreme Court recently ruled that the injunction could not be implemented, which frustrated Biden’s government policy.

　　On January 13th, medical staff took samples from the examiners at a Covid-19 test site in Washington, DC. (Xinhua News Agency, photo by Shen Ting)

　　On the economic front, although Biden pushed Congress to pass a large-scale infrastructure construction bill, problems such as high inflation, supply chain bottlenecks and labor shortage continue to be difficult to solve, and the road to economic recovery in the United States is full of thorns. According to data from the US Department of Labor, the US consumer price index rose by 7% year-on-year in December last year, the largest year-on-year increase in nearly 40 years. In the same month, the number of new jobs in the non-agricultural sector was only 199,000, and the number of unemployed people due to the epidemic was still as high as 3.1 million. The employment situation is still grim.

　　Politically, the struggle between the two parties in the United States and social tears have not eased, which has led Biden to fail to achieve policy goals such as easing racial conflicts, controlling the proliferation of guns, controlling border immigrants, and stopping violent law enforcement through congressional legislation. Recently, the two parties in Congress launched a fierce attack on two electoral reform bills proposed by Democrats to protect voters’ voting rights. The controversy over election reform may further deepen some conservative Republican voters’ doubts about Biden’s administration’s "ruling legitimacy."

　　On the diplomatic front, Biden promised to abolish a series of unilateralist policies during the Trump administration and prove to allies that "the United States is back." However, in diplomacy, he "broke more and established less" and lacked constructive policies. Some analysts believe that although Biden fulfilled his promise to withdraw troops from Afghanistan, the withdrawal plan was sloppy, the process was chaotic and the consequences were serious, which was widely criticized; He emphasized stability and predictability in relations with Russia, but ignored Russia’s security concerns on issues related to Russia’s core interests such as the Ukrainian crisis, which led to the continuous deterioration of US-Russia relations. He promised to let the United States return to the Iranian nuclear deal, but he did not show enough flexibility in the negotiations with Iran, so the prospect of reaching an agreement between the two sides is still unclear.

　　Difficult to be recognized

　　When Biden took office, he made many promises: to cure American "democracy", to defeat the COVID-19 epidemic, to solve deep-rooted racial and economic problems, and to restore America’s position in the world. However, one year later, his performance in preventing and controlling epidemic situation, curbing inflation, and policy legislation has not been recognized by the American people.

　　According to a poll released by Quinnipiac University recently, voters’ satisfaction with Biden’s administration has dropped to 33%. The American media pointed out that Biden broke the record of popular votes in the 2020 US presidential election, but now he has become one of the most unpopular US presidents.

　　Bill galston, a researcher at the Brookings Institution in the United States, said that Biden failed to meet the expectations of voters, and his anti-epidemic performance was particularly disappointing. At the same time, the chaos of Afghanistan’s withdrawal has also seriously damaged the image of Biden’s government.

　　This is a photo of local residents and Taliban in Kandahar, Afghanistan on August 31, 2021. Kenneth Mackenzie, commander of the US Central Command, announced on August 30, 2021 that the US military has completed the task of withdrawing from Afghanistan, and the US military operations in Afghanistan for nearly 20 years have officially ended. (Xinhua News Agency, photo by Sanaula)

　　Sarah Langweil, a Republican strategist in the United States, found through a one-year interview that Biden’s rating by voters continued to decline, and even "failed", and there were many democratic voters who were dissatisfied with Biden. Langweil believes that the survey results reflect people’s general dissatisfaction with the long-term persistence of the epidemic and rising inflation.

　　The Atlantic Monthly recently pointed out that compared with the consistent strong dissatisfaction of Republican voters with Biden, the rapid decline of Biden’s support rate among Democrats and independent voters deserves more attention. The internal differences and conflicts among the Democratic voters are becoming more and more obvious. Some voters think that the Democratic Party is not pushing the New Deal fast enough, while others disapprove of the ideas that the Democratic Party is pursuing at present.

　　Division remains the same

　　In recent years, the partisan struggle in the United States has become increasingly acute, and the opposition among the people has become increasingly fierce. The riots on Capitol Hill at the beginning of last year marked a new high in the top-down division of American society. One year after Biden took office, this polarization and tearing has not only not eased, but has further intensified.

　　Republicans totally deny Biden’s policy, American media are keen to play up opposing feelings, and former President Trump still has influence in the Republican Party, all of which are the reasons why the United States is deeply mired in opposition and tearing.

　　On January 6, US President Biden delivered a speech at the Capitol in Washington to commemorate the first anniversary of the riots on Capitol Hill. (Xinhua News Agency, Pool photo, photo by Michael Reynolds)

　　Rick Taylor, a Republican strategist, believes that Biden’s Democratic Party’s dominant position in Congress is extremely weak, and it is usually difficult to realize its policy proposition through legislation, and the presidential executive order he signed lacks overwhelming persuasion. This means that it is difficult for Biden to have the ability to unite the United States.

　　Analysts pointed out that over the past year, the division of the United States has been intensifying, Biden’s patience with Republicans has almost run out, and the two parties have been arguing over the reasons for the division. Some people even question whether it is necessary for the two parties to have a consensus. In this case, it seems destined to be an unreachable dream to bridge differences and unite the United States.