Let’s take the Peugeot Citroen 1.6T engine, which has the largest inventory at present, as an example. The valve cover is damaged from 70,000 km to 100,000 km, which is not a common problem of Peugeot Citroen. BMW, Buick, Chevrolet, Ford and other models are also prone to oil leakage when driving for 100,000 kilometers, or the negative pressure is wrong, and the air intake fault is reported, or there is a fire, or the oil consumption is obviously abnormal.

Distinguishing between true and false valve cover

First, the original valve cover must be used. Replacing the original valve cover will solve the problem. The original Peugeot Citroen valve chamber is produced by Meijia, and there are many parallel imports in the market, and 95% of the quality is very poor. If there is no reliable channel to purchase, the probability of buying parallel valve chamber covers is as high as 95%. Once the valve cover of parallel imports is used, it is highly probable that it will not work well, and there are still many potential safety hazards, such as the engine idling for one hour, the engine climbing up a steep slope and stepping on the accelerator, and when the negative pressure inside is high, the engine oil will leak from the valve cover pad. In severe cases, there is too much engine oil in the engine room, which flows to the exhaust manifold below. Under the high temperature of the exhaust manifold above 400 degrees, it is easy to cause the engine to catch fire, and the potential safety hazard is great.

Someone replaced the aluminum alloy cover. The aluminum alloy cover is not the original one, which is not easy to use, because when the valve cover is installed, the plastic one has tension, and the aluminum alloy has no tension at all, which will lead to oil leakage after a period of use. Of course, if the original factory is aluminum alloy, we must change the original aluminum alloy cover, and if the original factory is plastic, we must change the original plastic cover.

Second, how to identify the original valve cover. It is very difficult to tell the difference just by looking at the valve cover. Look at the picture below: The red spots in the aging and damaged valve cover have been damaged and fallen off, resulting in serious engine oil burning.

How can two new valve covers distinguish between good and bad? The simplest way is to compare the gluing at the seams. Figure 1 shows the gluing seams of brand parts, and Figure 2 shows the seams of the original Meijia. The glue in the joint position in Figure 1 is rough, which can be seen by naked eyes. The glue in the original factory of Figure 2 is uniform and tidy.

The glue applied to the seal under the oil cover, Figure 3 shows the glue of brand parts, and Figure 4 shows the glue of the original valve cover, which is also very different. So if you want to change it, just change the original parts.

Third, matters needing attention in replacing the 1.6T valve cover. Many riders have encountered the problem of oil leakage from the valve cover or oil burning due to the aging of the one-way valve in the valve cover, and the problem has not been solved after replacement. In fact, there are three reasons. Remember the following three points, and it is not a detour to replace the valve cover.

Fourth, the negative pressure value that everyone pays the most attention to. Many people are unfamiliar with the negative pressure of the 1.6T engine. Today, we will provide this value for you to facilitate the inspection of engine oil in the future.

First of all, there must be a tool to test the negative pressure value. After the hot car is started, the negative pressure value is detected. One end of the hose is inserted into the filler of the oil dipstick, and the other end is set to mbar, so that the test can be started. The normal value of 1.6T has a slight change around 35. If it is lower than 25, it will obviously start to consume oil. At this time, it is impossible to observe it by using the traditional method to open the oil cover and pull out the oil dipstick, which can almost approach the oil consumption of 3000-4000 kilometers per liter. If it is lower than 12, there will be obvious abnormal consumption of engine oil, and it is common to consume one liter of engine oil for hundreds of kilometers or one thousand kilometers. Especially in the early aging of the valve cover, the oil consumption of low-speed driving in the city is not obvious, and the oil consumption of high-speed driving will be significantly higher.

Precautions for valve cover replacement

First, the original valve cover, which is an essential element;

Second, after disassembling the valve cover, the cooling time should be sufficient;

Third, install the screws in sequence according to the standard torque.

As long as we pay attention to the above three points, we can solve the problem well, and the valve cover problem is not a design defect.

summary

With regard to the problem of burning engine oil caused by the valve cover of French vehicles, we should pay attention to two points: first, replace the original valve cover; Second, find professional checkpoints, such as legal system specialization and sunshine craftsman shop. The burning oil caused by the valve cover can be 4000 liters or 600 liters, which is possible. In the initial stage, it is not serious to consume one liter of engine oil for 4000 kilometers, and it will consume one liter of engine oil for 1000 kilometers or hundreds of kilometers in the later stage. To prevent the engine from burning engine oil prematurely, we can regularly use the cleaner with general PNF technology to keep the oil circuit clean and clean the ternary system at the same time, so as to reduce carbon deposition, thus delaying the occurrence of engine oil burning.

When referring to Ruifeng M3, users may be concerned about its advantages and disadvantages. In fact, although this model has some minor problems, overall, its performance is quite stable. In terms of power, Ruifeng M3 switched to HFC 4G3-3D 2.0L naturally aspirated engine, and the output power was increased to 147 HP and the torque reached 196 Nm, which was 4 HP and 16 Nm higher than that of the old model, and matched with the 5-speed manual gear, although some people reported that the fuel consumption was high and the noise control needed to be improved. In addition, users may have concerns about air conditioning. However, despite these small flaws, Ruifeng M3 still shows good competitiveness in cost performance. After all, no car is perfect.

Recently, JAC launched a new IKEA version 2.0L model for Ruifeng M3 to improve the user experience. The new model not only replaced the upgraded engine, but also upgraded its configuration, including electric power steering and automatic start-stop function. The low-equipped manual luxury model is equipped with electric heating rearview mirror and rear cabin air conditioning, while the high-equipped manual luxury intelligent model adds a multi-function steering wheel, car Bluetooth and cruise control, which brings more convenience to drivers.

Although the problem of fuel consumption has been mentioned, as a small MPV, Ruifeng M3′ s overall design continues the fashion style of Ruifeng MPV family. The body lines are smooth, and the front face is designed with integrated bumper and double horizontal net, with chrome trim, showing a unique visual effect. The large triangular window design of the front door and the integrated design of the headlights and air intake grille on the front face all show the recognition of the vehicle. At the same time, the design of fog lamp and lower air inlet keeps the traditional elements, and the overall shape is simple and practical.

Generally speaking, Ruifeng M3 has performed well in cost performance and basic performance. Although there are some minor problems, the shortcomings do not cover up. For those car buyers who are looking for practicality and economy, it is a worthy choice.

The annual "NEVC China New Energy Logistics Vehicle Challenge" is about to start. I believe that everyone is more concerned about which models will come to participate in the competition. Tram Jun will take you to see:

Note: The following rankings are in no particular order and are constantly updated.

VAN system group

Ruichi EC75

Ruichi EC75 is a seven-sided model launched by Ruichi New Energy for real-time urban distribution and platform freight demand. From the appearance, this model maintains the design style of new energy, with a banner air inlet under it, which looks very attractive as a whole. The specific entry configuration of Ruichi EC75 is shown in the above figure. Tram resources also know that in the future, Ruichi EC75 will launch more models for users to choose from, and it can also better select the right products according to their own needs.

Previously, the tram resources were also measured for the long-life version, and the overall performance was good under the condition of carrying one ton of goods. At the same time, in the "Trams and Cars" column created by Trams Resources, the blind box taxi mode was also carried out for the standard endurance version models. The owner expressed satisfaction with the Ruichi EC75 and also expressed regret that he did not buy the long endurance version models.

So, what will be the result of the race of Ruichi EC75? See you at the challenge!

Saic Datong wins V1

SAIC Chase Dana V1 is a model built on MILA platform, which was launched by SAIC Chase in 2023. The version of this competition is the long-axis low-top version. Besides the racing models, SAIC Chase Dana V1 also has several versions such as short-axis low-top, short-axis high-top and long-axis high-top, and the number of cargo compartments covers 7.1-9.5m3.

From the appearance, the A-pillar of SAIC Datong’s V1 is blackened, which echoes the penetrating black trim at the headlights. With the bright white body color, the overall shape Q is smart, stylish and simple. With the "C-shaped" headlight design, the front windshield is inclined at a large angle, giving people an elegant beauty.

At the same time of Q Meng’s appearance, the configuration of SAIC Datong’s V1 is not low, and the instrument panel design integrated with the intelligent central control panel also makes the interior of the vehicle more like a passenger car. Then, it is worth looking forward to what kind of achievements such a large-scale new energy vehicle can create.

Xinyuan E3L

Xinyuan E3L is a brand-new large-scale vehicle launched by Xinyuan Automobile in 2024. L has a straight figure and rough lines, which is very individual and recognizable. At the same time, the horizontal and vertical design of Xinyuan E3L continues from the front to the rear, which makes the container more regular and more efficient.

In terms of parameter configuration, Xinyuan E3L in this competition is an unlisted version, with a cargo compartment size of 3145*1730*1375mm and a cargo compartment volume of 7.5 m, which is wider than the models currently on sale. The participating models are equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery provided by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, with a battery capacity of 53.58kWh, and the motor is provided by Huichuan United Power, with a peak power of 60kW.

At present, Xinyuan Automobile has realized the multi-scene full-vehicle layout of urban distribution logistics, providing users with richer and more diversified choices. Tram resources have also been measured on Xinyuan E3L, which is currently being sold. Under the condition of loading one ton of goods, the endurance achievement rate is 91.8%, which is quite good. At the same time, we also believe that Xinyuan E3L will live up to expectations in this challenge, so stay tuned.

Gio aoteng Pro

The Gio Otten Pro in this competition is an upgraded model of Gio Otten Pro launched by New Gio Automobile in 2023, which not only retains the classic elements of the Otten family, but also incorporates many innovative details.

In terms of parameter configuration, the size of the cargo compartment of Giooten Pro is 3010*1710*1400mm, and the volume of the cargo compartment is 7.2 m, with side lift doors and split tailgates for easy loading and unloading. Its lightweight body design can reduce the weight by 200 kg while ensuring the bearing capacity, and the curb weight is 1560kg. The entry Giooten Pro is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery provided by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, with a battery capacity of 50.23kWh. In addition to the entry, Giooten Pro also provides two versions of 41.85kWh and 41.93kWh for users to choose from.

As a large-scale product of new Gio automobile, the response of Aoteng series in the market has been very good. I believe that Gio Aoteng Pro will also achieve good results in this competition.

Remote Star Enjoy V7E

Remote Star Enjoy V7E is a part of product layout improvement for remote new energy commercialization. It was listed in 2024, inheriting the design of Star Enjoy Family and improving the discrimination.

The size of the remote satellite V7E cargo compartment is 3260*1630*1320mm, and the volume of the cargo compartment is 7.0 m. The design of side-lift door and split tailgate not only makes the space utilization of the cargo compartment high, but also makes the internal dimensions of the cargo compartment long, wide and low enough. The remote Star Enjoy V7E in this competition is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery provided by Guoxuan Hi-Tech and provided by Zhixin Power. The battery power is 48.38kWh, which is larger than the previous remote Star Enjoy V6E, and it also means that the battery life will be longer.

For platform users, the remote satellite sharing V7E with large capacity and large size can deliver more goods, which is self-evident. Remote satellite enjoys V7E, which is stronger or weaker, which is worth looking forward to!

SAIC Datong Xintu EV80

SAIC Datong Xintu EV80 is a wide-body light passenger car under SAIC Datong, which is loved by individual users and corporate users with its advantages of leap space, good passability, ultra-low energy consumption and easy driving.

In terms of parameter configuration, SAIC Datong Xintu EV80 is a big model. The size of the cargo compartment of this model is 3150*1800*1940mm, the volume of the cargo compartment is 11.0 m, and the rated load is 1355kg. It is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery provided by Shanghai New Power, the battery power is 77kWh, and the motor is provided by Zhuhai Yingboer, with a peak power of 120kW.

Good passability and mobility will also bring more business opportunities to users. I believe that SAIC Datong Xintu EV80 can also compete in the arena.

Card system group

Ling Shi Huang Jin Xiao ka

Lingshi Gold Mini-Card is a pure electric mini-card model declared by liuzhou wuling New Energy Company in 2024. It is designed with the same cab as Lingshi Gold Card and Lingshi Gold Warehouse, and has not been officially listed yet.

In terms of parameter configuration, the size of rhombic gold corral board is 3510*1780*380mm, the rated load is 1420kg, and it is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery provided by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, and the battery power is 53.58kWh.

Compared with the extended-range diamond gold card, the pure electric diamond gold card can bring lower operating costs, so it is worth seeing whether such a pure electric micro card can achieve new achievements in the segmentation field.

Xinyuan T5L intercity edition

Xinyuan T5L series model is a model launched by Xinyuan Automobile in 2023, and it is also a popular product among new energy small truck models at present. However, the model participating in this competition is not a model currently being sold, but a large-capacity model launched by Xinyuan Automobile for intercity transportation.

Judging from the parameter configuration, Xinyuan T5L still maintains the size of its main products, but the power consumption has increased from 55.7kWh to 70.47kWh, which basically touches the power consumption of light truck models.

Undoubtedly, the market demand promotes the continuous upgrading of products. Defining products by scenes is the mainstream direction of the current market, and the appearance of large-capacity and small-sized car models is also a further subdivision of the market. Then, how many awards will Xinyuan T5L of 70.47kWh win in the competition, which is worth looking forward to!

Jiangling e shunda

Jiangling e Shunda is a brand-new pure electric small truck model declared by jiangling motors in 2024. The participating models are 3.5-ton small truck models. From the appearance, Jiangling e Shunda is in line with the style of new energy vehicles. Compared with the previous Shunda series light trucks, it is more recognizable and more fashionable.

In fact, in jiangling motors, light trucks are the main truck models. At the moment when the urban distribution market is gradually replaced by new energy sources, jiangling motors has gradually improved its overall layout in the light business market, from the E-Shun and E-Shun of VAN series to the subdivision of small trucks and light trucks.

In terms of configuration that everyone is most concerned about, Jiangling E Shunda, a 3.5-ton truck model, is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery provided by Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, and its power consumption is larger than that of the mainstream 3.5-ton truck, reaching 63.7kWh. The size of the whole container of Jiangling e Shunda is 3800*1800*380mm, and the length of the fence of 3.8m is also the most popular small truck model at present.

As a Jiangling foundation that has not yet been listed, but backed by decades-old truck models, I believe its chassis and power performance will not let everyone down.

Dongfeng e xing EV360

Dongfeng E-Star EV360 is a pure electric light truck model launched by Dongfeng Light Vehicle, which imitates the front face of the blue whale with the streamlined radian embellished, giving people a good impression.

In terms of parameter configuration, Dongfeng E Star EV360 has a container size of 4200*2100*2100mm and a curb weight of 3145kg. It is equipped with lithium iron phosphate battery of 100.46kWh from Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited and permanent magnet synchronous motor with a peak power of 140kW from Dongfeng Dana axle, and its power and endurance performance are good. In addition to the participating models, Dongfeng E-Star EV360 has several versions to choose from for different market segments.

It is worth mentioning that Dongfeng light vehicle is also one of the few main engine factories with its own batteries and motors in the market, and with decades of experience in building cars, there is no doubt about the model tuning. In this challenge, can Dongfeng E-Star EV360 win the all-around gold medal? Let’s wait and see.

Remote Xingzhi H9M

Alcohol-hydrogen power is a hot word that has been ignited by remote new energy commercial vehicles in recent years. Remote Xingzhi H8M is a methanol extended-range light truck built by continuous iteration based on Geely’s 18-year technology accumulation and methanol internal combustion engine and methanol hybrid system, and the remote Xingzhi H9M participating in this competition is a continuous iterative product.

Methanol extended-range light truck is a vehicle that reduces the battery power and adds an efficient methanol generator set on the basis of pure electric vehicle, so as to increase the driving range. Remote Xingzhi H9M can cover urban distribution and short-distance inter-city logistics, and it can achieve long battery life and low-cost operation for use scenarios with higher timeliness requirements, no time to charge or unconditional charging, and mainly using methanol.

As a new model that has not yet been listed, we will wait and see how the long-range Xingzhi H9M can perform in this challenge.

The list is constantly updated …

Stay tuned!

　　() Financial Research Center on August 11th, some investors asked () questions. Hello, Secretary General! I saw Gree’s machine tools and other products participate in various business exhibitions this year. I wonder what the effect is? The transformation of the company from Gree Electric to Gree Electric has always been the expectation of all shareholders. Now those industrial products have been recognized by the market, and I look forward to your reply!

　　The company replied, Dear investors, hello! The company focuses on the automobile lightweight market, and the CNC machine tool extends from the rod PACK machine to the die-casting market, cutting into the die-casting integration project in the automobile field, and launching a full series of products such as large gantry machining center, five-axis CNC machine tool, vertical CNC machine tool and horizontal CNC machine tool. Five-axis CNC machine tools can process complex curved materials and are widely used in new energy vehicles, general machinery and other fields. In addition, the company has successfully entered the high-end market in North America and Europe, and built high-end CNC machine tool demonstration projects in developed areas such as North America and Europe, and will continue to enhance the overseas market influence of the company’s intelligent equipment in the future. Thank you for your interest in the company.

　　　　[XCAR Information Original]

　　　　Recently, some media have exposed a set of spy photos of the new Nissan Sylphy. There is almost no change in the design of this model. The biggest difference is that a new logo has appeared at the tail. This logo probably means that the new Sylphy will be equipped with a 1.6L engine from Tiida, and the model name will be changed.(Spy photos in the text Source: car home)

[New Sylphy spy photos]

　　　　The Sylphy model in the picture adopts the "PURE DRIVE" logo, which appears on the body of the new generation of Trent and New Sunshine. Adopting this logo means that the new Sylphy will adopt the new PURE DRIVE series engines. speculateThe new Sylphy is likely to be replaced with a 1.6-liter engine from Xinda.

[The "PURE DRIVE" logo appears at the tail of the new Sylphy]

[The "PURE DRIVE" logo appeared on Nita]

　　　　The new Tiida 1.6L engine is more excellent in power output and fuel economy, with the maximum power and torque output of 126 HP /154Nm, while the current Sylphy 1.6L engine is only 117 HP /153Nm.　

　　　　In addition, as part of the PURE DRIVE powertrain, the new SylphyAfter replacing the new 1.6L engine, it is likely that a new generation CVT transmission will be adopted at the same time.

"CLASSIC" logo on the new Sylphy "

"Cash Xuanyi logo"

　　　　In addition to the power upgrade, the logos of "SYLPHY" and "CLASSIC" appeared at the tail of the test car. It is speculated that the new generation of Sylphy will be launched next year.The current Sylphy is likely to be named "Sylphy Classic" and sold on the same stage as the replacement model.

　　　　Editor’s comment:Sales of new and old cars under the same roof have appeared more and more in Japanese cars. At present, most of the main Japanese cars have been introduced into China. To expand the product line, there must be more "extreme measure", such as sales of new and old cars under the same roof, or tailor-made products for the China market. Obviously, the former has lower cost and higher success rate. After the replacement of Sylphy is listed, the price of "Classic Sylphy" is expected to be lowered, and the 2.0L model will be cancelled, focusing on cost performance, and its competitiveness is still not to be underestimated.

　　　　More related articles:

　　　　Add 1.8L power to replace Sylphy made in China in 2012.
　　　　http://info.xcar.com.cn/201112/news_366645_1.html

Guosen Securities recently released a review of biodiesel industry, and analyzed that the domestic demand for biodiesel is expected to increase after the pilot application of biodiesel. The following is a summary of the research report: On April 2, 2024, the Comprehensive Department of the National Energy Administration publicized the pilot application of biodiesel in China.

Guosen Securities recently released a review of biodiesel industry, and analyzed that the domestic demand for biodiesel is expected to increase after the pilot application of biodiesel.

The following is a summary of the research report:

On April 2, 2024, the Comprehensive Department of National Energy Administration publicized the pilot project of domestic biodiesel promotion and application.

Guoxin Chemical’s viewpoint:

1) Promoting the application of biodiesel in China is helpful for recycling waste and accelerating the green and low-carbon energy transformation. Biodiesel is a kind of renewable energy produced from waste oil and other biomass, and it is an internationally recognized green and clean fuel. In September 2023, the National Energy Administration organized an on-site meeting on the pilot project of biodiesel promotion and application in Shanghai; In November 2023, the National Energy Administration issued the Notice of the National Energy Administration on Organizing the Pilot Demonstration of Biodiesel Popularization and Application, and organized the pilot application and review of biodiesel popularization and application; In April, 2024, the National Energy Administration announced 22 pilot projects for the popularization and application of biodiesel, including 19 cities/districts, as well as China Ship Fuel Co., Ltd., China Petrochemical Fuel Oil Sales Co., Ltd. and Shandong Expressway Group.

2) The content of the pilot demonstration is diverse, which accumulates experience for continuing to expand the popularization and application of biodiesel in China. Biodiesel pilot demonstration includes vehicle biodiesel, marine biodiesel and others. The pilot demonstration of vehicle biodiesel includes regional popularization and application, industry popularization and application, enterprise popularization and application, and expressway popularization and application; The pilot demonstration of marine biodiesel includes the promotion and application of bonded areas and free trade zones, and the promotion and application of rivers and lakes. Governments and enterprises at all levels have further expanded the application scenarios of biodiesel in China by carrying out pilot demonstrations on the promotion and application of various types of biodiesel, and accumulated experience for continuing to expand the promotion and application of green liquid fuels such as biodiesel.

3) In 2023, the EU initiated the review of biodiesel for many times. In 2023, domestic biodiesel production declined and exports were under pressure. In April 2023, ISCC initiated the review of biodiesel certification enterprises in China; In August, 2023, the European Commission launched an anti-circumvention investigation on biodiesel originating in Indonesia and exported to Europe via China and Britain. On December 20th, 2023, the European Commission initiated an anti-dumping investigation on biodiesel products originating in China, and it is expected that a preliminary ruling will be made 7-8 months after the case is filed. According to Zhuo Chuang Information, the domestic biodiesel production in 2023 was 857,000 tons, down 33.5% year-on-year; Exports were 1.95 million tons, up 8.7% year-on-year, of which 1.867 million tons were exported to European countries, accounting for 95.7%, but 775,000 tons were exported in the second half of the year, down 34.0% from the first half.

4) Domestic pilot application will help boost domestic demand for biodiesel, so we need to pay attention to the specific implementation of the government and enterprises in the future. From the government’s point of view, it is an effective way to help realize the goal of "double carbon" to carry out pilot demonstration of biodiesel popularization and application; From the enterprise’s point of view, it is imperative to actively expand the domestic demand for biodiesel in the current situation of weak export demand and price to the EU. From the price point of view, the current domestic biodiesel price is 6800-7000 yuan/ton, while the current market price of 0# diesel is 7700-7800 yuan/ton (including tax), so biodiesel is more cost-effective in the short term. However, according to the promotion and application of B5 biodiesel in Shanghai, in the fourth quarter of 2023, the Shanghai Development and Reform Commission arranged a subsidy fund of 41.86 million yuan for biodiesel production from kitchen waste oil. We expect that the subsidy amount per ton of biodiesel will be around 1000 yuan. Although the prices of biodiesel and diesel oil are upside down at present, the prices of refined oil are relatively high, and the profitability of biodiesel is limited. Therefore, it is still necessary to pay attention to the specific implementation of biodiesel promotion by the government and enterprises in the future.

5) Investment suggestion: It is suggested to pay attention to Zhuoyue Xinneng, the leader of domestic biodiesel industry. At present, the company’s biodiesel production capacity is 500,000 tons, and the bio-based materials production capacity is 90,000 tons.

Risk warning: the risk of a sharp drop in the price of biodiesel, the risk that the demand for biodiesel in the EU is less than expected, and the risk of changes in biodiesel policies in the EU and China. (Guosen Securities Yang Lin, Xue Cong)

[Editor: Xiao Jie]

Many friends know that the engine oil needs to be changed when the vehicle is maintained, but many people don’t know what the function of engine oil is and how to choose engine oil. Today, Xiao Jia will introduce you to the knowledge about engine oil!

Automobile lubricating oil can be generally divided into three types because of its different functions: engine oil, gearbox and differential oil, and grease (butter). The most common thing in vehicle maintenance is to change the engine oil.

Engine oil has five functions.

Lubrication function: the function of engine oil is to fill and lubricate the surfaces of moving parts and reduce the friction between moving parts. Its working principle is: the engine oil is pressurized by the oil pump and transported between the rotating parts, and an oil film is formed on the two friction surfaces to separate them, thus reducing the contact surface between moving parts, thus reducing wear and prolonging the service life of parts. There is surface friction between piston and cylinder, crank-connecting rod mechanism, cam valve train, gear rotating mechanism, etc., which must be lubricated by engine oil to ensure normal working conditions.

Cooling function: engine oil can bring back part of the heat generated between the rotating parts of the engine to the oil pan, and achieve the cooling effect through the oil pan wall. Some engines are also equipped with special engine oil radiators to achieve better cooling effect, so as to ensure the normal temperature between the rotating parts of the engine and keep the engine in normal working condition for a long time.

Sealing function: The engine oil also has a sealing function. For example, the engine piston ring and the cylinder wall are filled with engine oil, so that the contact surface and the gap have both a lubricating function and a sealing function, so that the piston can reduce air leakage when inhaling and compressing, and ensure the normal working compression ratio. If the piston ring and cylinder wall are worn, the sealing effect of engine oil can be improved by adjusting the viscosity of engine oil or adding engine oil additives, thus improving the working condition of the engine.

Cleaning function: The engine oil is pressurized by the oil pump and transported between the rotating parts of various parts for lubrication and heat dissipation. At the same time, it can also wash and clean the rotating working surface of the parts, bring the dust particles entering the engine and the garbage generated by the work to the oil pan, and keep the engine parts, rotating working surface and oil passage clean and smooth through the oil collection net and oil filter, thus ensuring the normal operation of the engine.

Rust-proof function: The working environment of the engine is complicated, and the climate change in spring, summer, autumn and winter will easily cause the metal parts to rust and deform, which will affect the normal operation of the engine and shorten its service life. The oil is pressurized by the oil pump and supplied to all parts and metal surfaces through the oil passage to form an oil film to isolate the air, which can prevent the metal surface from oxidation and rust and improve the service life of the engine.

If the engine is likened to the heart of a car, then the engine oil is the blood of the engine, which is a necessary condition to ensure the normal operation of the engine. Understanding the knowledge of engine oil, correctly selecting and using engine oil, and regularly replacing and maintaining it are very important to ensure the normal operation of the engine and prolong its service life.

More car maintenance tips

Please pay attention to Monday to Friday at 17:00.

Jiading China National Radio

FM 100.3 MHz "Where to Go After Work" program

Written by Yang Chen, video.

Editor: Wang Lihui, Wu Lirong

[car home Dalian Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, preferential promotion activities are being carried out in Dalian, with a maximum preferential amount of 20,000 yuan and a minimum starting price of only 159,900 yuan. In order to get more discounts, please click "Check the car price" in the quotation form.

Magotan’s exterior design is full of modernity and dynamic, and the front face design is simple and atmospheric, and the family-style air intake grille design is adopted, showing a dynamic visual effect. The overall style tends to be steady and exquisite, and the body lines are smooth, creating a strong sense of movement. Magotan can show its unique charm in both business occasions and daily travel.

Magotan’s body size is 4866*1832*1479 mm, and the wheelbase is 2871 mm, providing passengers with spacious and comfortable seating space. Its side lines are smooth and dynamic, with a front track of 1584 mm and a rear track of 1570 mm, which enhances the stability and handling of the vehicle. Magotan is equipped with 215/55 R17 tires. With the fashionable rim design, it not only improves the visual effect of the vehicle, but also ensures excellent grip and driving stability.

Magotan’s interior design is simple and exquisite, and the center console adopts a well-defined layout, with an 8-inch or 9.2-inch central control screen, creating a full-fledged atmosphere for the car. The steering wheel is made of genuine leather, which feels comfortable and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, ensuring the driver’s comfort and convenience. The car is equipped with rich multimedia and charging interfaces, including USB and Type-C interfaces, which meet the needs of daily use. In addition, Magotan is also equipped with wireless charging function of the front mobile phone, which greatly facilitates the driver. The seat is made of high-quality imitation leather, and the main and auxiliary seats have the functions of front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment and height adjustment, which improves the riding comfort. The rear seats can be laid down in proportion, providing more space for storage.

Magotan is equipped with a 1.4T 150 HP L4 engine with a maximum power of 110kW and a maximum torque of 250N·m, which is matched with a 7-speed dry dual-clutch gearbox and has excellent power performance.

The owner of car home said that Magotan’s exterior design is calm and atmospheric, and the raindrop intake grille makes him feel young and dynamic, while the horizontal chrome-plated strip adds the atmosphere of business and gentleman. The waistline design makes the car look slender, the duckling tail design at the rear is sexy and plump, and the design of four exhaust pipes is sporty and publicity, which shows the extraordinary charm of Magotan.

　　[Global Times Comprehensive Report] German Chancellor Angela Scholz visited the White House on the 3rd local time to hold talks with US President Biden. The visit was not accompanied by any media, business delegations and cabinet ministers, and no joint press conference was held after the talks between the two sides. The media have questioned what is hidden behind this "mysterious visit". Some analysts believe that Germany and Germany are full of contradictions on issues such as aid to Ukrainian tanks, the explosion of the "Beixi" natural gas pipeline and the US Inflation Reduction Act, which is full of protectionism. However, as the "younger brother" of the United States, German leaders can do nothing about it. Germany’s "Star" magazine recently published a cover article saying that "Big Brother is back". The cover cartoon shows Biden holding Scholz, who is only half as tall, while the latter looks up at Big Brother.

　　Leave it to the public for only four minutes

　　"Mysterious visit", DPA said on the 4th that Scholz held talks with Biden at the White House on Friday, but this meeting only gave the public four minutes to observe. In his public appearance before the talks, Scholz said in English, "I really appreciate the good cooperation between us" and the transatlantic partnership is "in a very good state". Biden praised Scholz’s "strong leadership" and support for Ukraine, and said that the two countries would "help Ukraine with Qi Xin" and "keep pace in all aspects".

　　Then the two began to talk behind closed doors. The report questioned that the talks were "too mysterious". There were no consultants and recordings for the talks between the two sides, and there was no joint press conference after the talks. The report also complained that Biden ignored Berlin in his previous "trip to Europe". Biden visited Ukraine and Poland a few days ago and only made a short stop at Ramstein Air Force Base in Germany. On the contrary, this is Scholz’s second visit to Washington since he took office.

　　The Associated Press quoted people familiar with the matter as saying that the meeting between Biden and Scholz lasted for more than an hour, and the focus of the discussion was to continue to promote "global assistance to Ukraine". However, even Scholz’s senior advisers were not allowed to attend the talks. When their talks ended, Biden said half jokingly that they "solved all the problems in the world". However, the official statement issued by the two countries after the meeting hardly provided more details of the talks, and did not disclose any possible agreements or plans.

　　The secret visit and talks angered the German opposition. German CDU leader Mertz questioned in an interview with "German Editorial Network" on the 4th: "No one in our parliament and the German public knows the contents of this visit." He accused Scholz of keeping his Washington trip secret, which was "unconventional".

　　The New York Times said that there is growing opposition in the United States and Germany to aid Ukraine, and Scholz and Biden are also facing the upcoming general election (German parliamentary elections will be held in 2025). Jens, a senior researcher at the German Marshall Foundation, said that in terms of the long-term sustainability of political support, both of them face great resistance. For domestic political purposes, they need each other.

　　German-American relations are frequently questioned.

　　Although Biden called virtue "in step with all aspects", many analysts believe that there are many practical contradictions between virtues on many issues. CNN said that in the two countries, the voice against providing military assistance to Kiev is becoming louder and louder. Therefore, although the two sides announced that they would provide main battle tanks to Ukraine, they still shirked the relevant details. Not long ago, Sullivan, Assistant to the President of the United States for National Security Affairs, claimed that the United States agreed to deliver M1 main battle tanks to Ukraine under the "hard pressure" of Germany. The American statement angered Germany. The german government immediately refuted the us statement. At the Munich security conference not long ago, German Defense Minister pistorius complained without name that "some countries prefer to hide behind Germany" when it comes to tank aid.

　　The explosion of the Russian-European "Beixi" natural gas pipeline in September last year is another point of disagreement between the United States and Germany. Before Scholz’s visit to the United States, a number of German lawmakers demanded that Scholz should take tough words against the United States when meeting Biden. However, judging from the public information, the talks did not mention the "Beixi" incident. "Russia Today" TV station said that the German government remained silent half a year after the incident. "The vassal position of the United States does not allow Berlin to talk about who is behind the scenes, and Germany’s foreign policy is completely locked in the track of Washington", which will make "Germany’s future into a dead end".

　　In addition, Biden signed the "Inflation Reduction Act" last year, and its protectionist provisions dealt a serious blow to the automobile industry in Germany and other European countries. Agence France-Presse said that Germany-US relations are relatively close (closer than France-US relations) because of its heavy dependence on NATO and US military protection. But in fact, relations between the two countries have fluctuated recently. For example, the US Inflation Reduction Act heavily subsidized the green industry, which triggered a strong rebound in Germany, but was ignored by Washington.

　　Before the talks, White House officials said that the China issue was also one of the topics of the talks. However, during this visit, Scholz avoided the topic of China. "Deutsche Welle" said that Germany is still waiting to see that China is Germany’s most important trading partner, and the idea of losing business in China will "cause German manufacturers to worry about their survival".

　　"Big Brother is back."

　　Tsargrad TV station in Russia said that at present, the political and military prestige of the West is in jeopardy, and the Western people are increasingly dissatisfied with the government’s practice of arching fire. Due to lack of confidence in France, Britain’s economic situation is difficult and it is no longer a member of the European Union. The United States hopes that Germany will play a key role in mobilizing the European Union against Russia and China. According to the report, judging from the brief press release issued by the two sides after the talks, Scholz showed its "loyalty to Washington as a vassal country. Americans know how to treat weak politicians and obedient countries. "

　　"Big Brother is back", the cover article of the latest issue of German "Star" magazine reported on this topic. For Scholz, "Fortunately, there is Biden — — We can count on the United States again in the conflicts with Russia and China. ".

　　Volodin, chairman of the Russian State Duma (lower house of parliament), wrote on social media on the same day, according to a report by RIA Novosti on the 5th: "The United States once again shows that its basic policy principle is to use other countries to realize its own interests. The United States forced European countries to support the Kiev regime at the expense of their citizens’ welfare, but their own expenses were much less than those of other countries. " He said that the United States spent only 0.37% of its GDP on supporting Ukraine, while Poland spent 2.1% of its GDP. In addition, EU countries have paid an extra price for anti-Russian sanctions, which has affected the national economy. The loss of energy in European countries is about 570 billion euros, and the loss in Germany accounts for 7.2% of GDP.

　　Man made glass more than 5000 years ago. Archaeological evidence shows that in Egypt and Mesopotamia in 3000 BC, people have made some small handicrafts such as amulets and beads with glass.

　　By around 1500 BC, people’s skills in making glass were becoming more and more mature, and the first glass container appeared in human history. The ancient Egyptians also mastered the technology of coloring glass. They know that adding copper powder to glass can make red glass, adding cobalt powder can make blue glass, and adding tin powder can make white glass … These colored glasses are used by some unscrupulous businessmen to pretend to be jewelry, deceiving many people.

　　In the 1st century BC, Syrians invented the technology of blowing glass. With this technology, making glass becomes simple, fast and cheap. Since then, the glass industry has flourished in the Roman Empire and quickly spread to other countries under the rule of the Roman Empire.

　　Around the 1st century A.D., the Romans discovered that adding a proper amount of manganese dioxide to glass could make colorless glass, so they began to make windows out of glass and install them on buildings. Although the optical performance of glass at that time was very poor, glass windows were still "standard" for buildings in Rome, Pompeii and other places.

　　In the 8th century, Venice concentrated a large number of glass workers and became the glass manufacturing center at that time. Later, with the progress of science and art, people "played" more tricks, such as dyeing paint on glass and drawing colorful patterns. Many churches we see now have stained glass windows, which is the architectural style left over at that time.

　　In the mid-15th century, a glass worker in Venice invented a new type of super transparent glass. Soon, this new type of glass was used to make telescopes, thermometers, flasks, microscopes and other scientific instruments, which led to many important scientific discoveries.

　　Around the 18th century, the glass manufacturing center in Europe moved from Venice to Britain. At that time, the output of British glass factories was very high. At one time, the British government would levy taxes based on the number of windows in each house, on the grounds that wealthy families would install more windows, and of course they should pay more taxes. However, "there are policies above and countermeasures below", and many families simply blocked the windows in order to avoid paying taxes-this story shows that the use of glass was quite common in Britain at that time.

　　Since the industrial revolution, steel and glass have become important building materials for modern architecture. In 1851, Britain built a "Crystal Palace", which only used steel and glass. This miraculous building was also the exhibition hall of the first World Expo in London. In 1950s, a German architect innovatively covered the facade of the building with a layer of glass, which made the appearance of the building look unprecedented. This innovative design can be successful, on the one hand, because there is a reinforced frame inside the modern building, and the facade does not need to bear the weight of the whole building; On the other hand, because the strength of glass has become higher. So many skyscrapers we see now have glass facades.

　　Nowadays, scientists and engineers have developed a variety of glasses, which have important uses in many fields. For example, there is a kind of glass that can quickly transmit network information, that is, optical cable, which is filled with thousands of glasses as thin as hair, in which communication signals shuttle in the form of light and quickly transmit information to all parts of the world.

　　Sand and glass

　　The main component of glass is silica, that is, Shi Ying, which is one of the most common minerals on the earth. The sand that can be seen everywhere is actually a small particle in Shi Ying. When Shi Ying is heated to 1400℃, it will melt, then become soft and become a transparent, viscous liquid-then it will be cooled and shaped, and then the glass will be finished.

　　How did sand become glass?

　　On the atomic scale, silicon dioxide is composed of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms, and they are arranged in order in Shi Ying. For example, a group of silicon atoms and oxygen atoms are neatly arranged to form a "queue" with specific arrangement rules, and the whole "queue" is Shi Ying particles. A structure like this, which consists of a large number of microscopic substance units (such as atoms and ions) arranged in an orderly manner according to certain rules, is called a crystal.

　　After Shi Ying melted, its internal crystal structure was destroyed, or the original "queue" was disrupted, and silicon atoms and oxygen atoms began to "run" freely, making Shi Ying change from solid to liquid. Of course, if the liquid Shi Ying can be cooled quickly, the crystal structure will be re-formed, just like the silicon atoms and oxygen atoms that "run" at will "stand" in the original position in the queue again.

　　However, if the cooling speed is too fast, so that silicon atoms and oxygen atoms can’t return to their original positions, then they can only be condensed in their current positions. Therefore, the final glass is like a snapshot of liquid Shi Ying. Scientists have a special name for this state of solid, called "amorphous solid", which means that this kind of solid is different from crystal, and there is no orderly arrangement rule in its internal structure.

　　Why is glass transparent?

　　We can’t go straight through the glass, but our eyes can see the objects on the other side through the glass. Why?

　　We can see an object because the light is reflected or scattered after it reaches this object, which makes some light enter our eyes and let us see the shape and color of the object. Only a part of light energy is received by our eyes, and the rest is absorbed or intercepted by objects.

　　How much light an object can intercept depends on the kind of molecules or atoms that make it up.

　　Most of the atoms in the glass don’t intercept light, and almost all the light that reaches the glass can be received by the eyes (glass can intercept ultraviolet light, but our eyes can’t see ultraviolet light). In addition, glass is not crystal, and there is no edge edge edge of crystal structure inside, so it will not scatter light. So, when the light reaches the glass, it will go straight through without changing its direction.

　　However, if a piece of glass is slightly thicker in some places, the propagation path of light will be bent, which is the working principle of a prism.

This article is from Science Illustrated.